FORMAT WRITTEN HISTOLOGY(UPDATED)

WRITTEN HISTOLOGY

Total marks: 75

Section 1 and section 2

Time: 3 hours (kertas section 2 akan dapat dulu) 

Section1: 55 marks   

: one question labeled drawing with coloured pencil (5m) (10 pictures from atlas)
: one question in form of labelling of one drawing from atlas (5m)
: one short question with diagram (coloured or not) (5m) (6 pictures from text books)
: short questions (40 m)

Section 2: 20 marks

: MCQ and extended matching
: 40 questions
: only for second term subjects (CT, cartilage, bone, vascular, genetics 
  and respiratory)
: 40% from department MCQ book & 60% from text book

Tajuk yang keluar dalam diagram yang kena lukis: (10 from atlas)

1.    hyaline cartilage

2.    spongy bone

3.    decalcified compact bone

4.    LS  of skeletal muscle

5.     TS of skeletal muscle

6.    nerve trunk (h&e)

7.    spinal ganglia (h&e)

8.    sympathetic ganglia (h&e)

9.    aorta

10. trachea

Tajuk short question with diagram: (6 from text book)

1.     Olfactory mucosa

2.     Connective tissue cells

3.     Bone cells

4.     Granular leucocytes

5.     Perikaryon

6.     Classification of neurons

Notes: 

·         In the exam, we should have at least 1 question to make comparison or differences

v  Compare - should mention 1 similarity

v  Differentiate – only differences

·         Comparison or differences questions should be in table form

v  Table draw by pencil and ruler

v  The point should be separated by line

SUBJECTS

1)      CYTOLOGY

·         Molecular structure and f(x) of cell membrane

·         Histological features and f(x) of ER and golgi apparatus

·         Histology features, types and f(x) of lysosomes

·         Filaments

2)      CYTOGENETICS

·         Mitosis

·         Meiosis

·         Human chromosome

·         Chromosomal aberrations

·         Barr body

3)      EPITHELIUM

·         Stratified epithelium

·         Glandular epithelium

·         Polarity and membrane specialization

4)      CONNECTIVE TISSUE

·         Connective tissue cells with diagrams

·         Types of connective tissue proper; structure, site, staining and functions

·         Sites and structure of hyaline cartilage

·         Bone cells with diagrams

·         Structure of compact and spongy bone

5)      BLOOD

·         Differences between RBCs and WBCs

·         Granular leucocytes with diagrams

·         Non granular leucocytes

·         Blood platelets

6)      MUSCULAR TISSUE

·         EM of myofibril

·         Intercalated disc

·         Purkinje fibres

·         Smooth muscles

·         Differences between skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle fibres

7)      NERVOUS TISSUE

·         Perikaryon with diagram

·         Classification of neurons with diagrams

·         Differences between sympathetic and spinal ganglia

8)      VASCULAR SYSTEM

·         Differences between medium sized artery and medium sized vein

·         Differences between large elastic and medium-sized muscular arteries

·         Blood capillaries

·         Arteriovenous anastomosis

9)      RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

·         Respiratory epithelium

·         Olfactory mucosa with diagram

·         Differences between extrapulmonary bronchos and intrapulmonary bronchus

·         Differences between intrapulmonary bronchus and bronchiole

·         Pneumocytes (very famous)[compare maybe]

·         Blood air barrier

·         Alveolar phagocytes

ORAL

·         No limitation for oral exam

·         Include all subject

p/s: klu ade yg silap sile britahu cpat2 kpd sye.-aisar-

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Senarai English words.

salam,

this is the list of some words for English paper.

*u can just copy n paste. :)

Common english language error

· Accept/except

· Adapt/adopt

· Advice/advise

· Affect/effect

· Allright/all right

· Altogether/all together

· Amount/number

· Angel/angle

· Apart/a part

· Assure/ensure/insure

· Aural/oral

· Beside/besides

· Breath/breathe

· Cite/site/sight

· Coarse/course

· Compare to/compare with

· Complement/compliment

· Continual/continuous

· Desert/dessert

· Disinterested/uninterested

· Either are/either is

· Elicit/illicit

· Every

· Everyday

· Fatal/fateful

· Formally/formerly

· For sale/on sale

· Heroin/heroine

· Historic/historical

Technical and popular medical terms

· A

o A cancer-epithelioma

o A runny nose-rhinorrhea

o Action of drugs in the body-pharmacokinetic

o Acuity-sharpness

o Acute-severe

o Acute kidney inflammation-glomerulonephritis

o Adenitis-gland inflammation

o Adenoma-non cancerous tumour

o Aerobic, with oxygen

o Aerophagy,air swallowing

o Aetiology, study of disease cause

o Affecting the heart most, cardioselective

o After dinner, postprandial

o After childbirth, postpartum

o Agammaglobulinaemia, immune deficiency

o Aggravation, worsening

o Albumin, water soluble blood protein

o Alkylate- anti cancer treatment

o Allergen, substance causing allergy

o Alopecia, baldness

o Alveolitis, lung inflammation

o Ambulant, walking

o Anaemic, ferriprive

o Anaesthetic, drug to deaden sensation

o Analgesic, pain-killer

o Anatomical, body-related

o Anti-inflammatory, antiexudative

o Anti-spasm, spasmolytic

o Antibiotherapy, treatment with antibiotics

o Antibiotic, bacteriostatic

o Anticoagulant, substance that prevents blood clotting

o Antiemetic- substance to stop vomiting

o Antihypertensive, high blood pressure drug

o Antiinfective-disinfection

o Antioxidant, substance to stop decay

o Antitoxin, vaccine

o Antitussive, cough medicine

o Arthralgia, pain in a joint

o Auricular, ear-related

o Auscultation, listening to a stethoscope

o Autonomic, unconscious

· B

o Below the skin, subcutaneous

o Biosynthesis, formation

o Blood in the urine, haematuria

o Blood vessel inflammation, vasculitis

o Blood poisoning, toxaemia

o Body building, anabolic

o Body-related, anatomical

o Bone inflammation, osteomyolitis

o Brain inflammation, encephalitis

· C

o Calculus I, stone

o Cancer-causing, carcinogenic

o Cardiological, heart study related

o Cephalalgia, headache

o Cerumen, earwax

o Chronic,chronic

o Cirrhosis, liver disease

o Colitis, colon inflammation

o Contraception, birth control

o Contraindication, reason not to be prescribe

o Coughing up blood, haemoptysis

o Cranial, skull-related

o Cut, incision

· D

o Deafness, surdity

o Dermatosis, skin disease

o Destruction to bone marrow, myelotoxic

o Detoxication, drug addition treatment

o Diaphoresis, sweating

o Difficulty in swallowing, dysphagia

o Disease study-related, pathological

o Disease site transfer, metastasis

o Disease prevention, prophylaxis

o Dissolving blood clots, thrombolytic

o Diuretic, drug to increase urine output

o Drug, pharmacon

o Drug science-related, pharmacological

o Drug addiction, toxicomania

o Dyspepsia ,indigestion

· E

o E.N.T. –otorhinolaryngology

o Ear inflammation, otitis

o Echography, scan

o Electrocardiography, heart monitor

o Electroencephalography, brain scan

o Embolism, sudden blocking of an artery

o Emesis, vomiting

o Endoscopy, internal examination using fibre optic tube

o Epidermal, skin related

o Episiotomy, cut to vagina in childbirth

o Erythema, skin redness

o Excessive sweating, hyperhidrosis

o Extreme fever, hyperpyrexia

o Eye examination, gonioscopy

o Eye inflammation, conjunctivitis

o Eye drop-miotic

· F

o Fear of height, vertigo

o Feeling sick,nausea

o Fever, pyrexia

o Fissure, groove

o Fistula, abnormal passage

o Foreign substance, antigen

o Frequent urination at night, nocturia

· G

o Gingivitis, gum inflammation

o Glossitis, tongue inflammation

o Glycosuria, sugar in the urine

· H

o Haematemesis, vomiting blood

o Haematological, blood study-related

o Haematuria, blood in the urine

o Hardening, calcification

o Harmful, adverse

o Heart attack, asystole

o Heart attack, infarction

o Hemiplegia, paralysis of one side

o Hepatic, liver-related

o High blood sugar, hyperglycaemia

o High blood temperature, hyperthermia

o Hypnotic, sleeping tablet

o Hypogonadism, sterility

· I

o Inactive part of drug, excipient

o Inadequate blood flow, ischaemia

o Increase in size of organ, hypertrophy

o Increase in blood fat levels, hyperlipidaemia

o Indigestion remedy, antacid

o Injury, lesion

o Insomnia, sleeplessness

· K

o Kidney-related, renal

o Kidney failure, uraemia

· L

o Laryngitis, sore throat

· M

o Medicine, medicament

o Melanoma, skin cancer

o Menstruation, periods,

o Mental illness, psychosis

o Microscopic study of body-related, histological

o Milk production, lactation

o Morphine-like drug, narcotic

o Muscle pain, myalgia

o Myopia, short-sightedness

· N

o Nephritis, kidney inflammation

o Nerve-related, neural

o Nuerodermatitis, skin damage caused by scratching

o Non-poisonous, atoxic

o Non-cancerous tumour, adenoma

o Non-production of urine, anuria

· O

o Oedema, swelling due to fluid

o Old age, senility

o Oliguria, abnormally small urine output

o Ophtalmological, eye treatment-related

o Opiate (opioid), opium-like drug

o Overdosage, overdose

· P

o Pathological, disease study-related

o Peptic ulcer, stomach ulcer

o Phlebitis, vein inflammation

o Pigmentation, skin colouring

o Poison, toxic

o Postmenopausal, postmonopausal

o Potency, sexual ability

o Prostatitis, prostate inflammation

o Prosthesis, artificial limb

· R

o Ringing in the ears, tinnitus

· S

o Serological, blood study-related

o Sexually transmitted, venereal

o Sign, indication

o Sinus-related, sinusal

o Sleep walking, somnambulism

o Speech defect, dysarthria

o Sperm-killing contraceptive, spermicide

o Sublingual, under the tongue

o Substance to stop decay, antioxidant

o Substance to stop cell growth, cytostatic

o Substance to kill microorganisms, antimicrobial

o Substance obtained from something else, derivative

o Substance tending to nullify effect of another, anticoagulant

· T

o Tachyarrythmia, irregular heartbeat

o Tendinitis, inflamed tendons

o Thrombus, blood clot

o Tumour, sarcoma

· V

o Vial, small bottle

o Virus treatment, antiviral

· W

o Womb, uterus

o Worsening, degenerative

o Worsening, aggravation

· X

o Xerophthalmia, dry eyes

o Xerostomia, dry mouth

MEDICAL ABBREVIATION

· Ad libitum (ad. Lib)- as much as wanted, freely

· Ante cibum(a.c)-before meals

· Bis in die(b.i.d.)- twice daily

· B.p- blood pressure

· H.n. –tonight

· H.s.- at bedtime

· O.D.-right eye

· O.S- left eye

· p.a- by the anus

· p.o-by the mouth

· p.c-after meals

· p.r.n.-as needed

· q.d.-everyday

· q.h.-every hour

· q.i.d.-four times daily

· sig-let it be labelled

· stat-immediately

· tab- tablet

· t.i.d.-three times daily

· T- temperature

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